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Infographic on breast cancer8/19/2023 ![]() ![]() During a lumpectomy, which may be referred to as breast-conserving surgery or wide local excision, the surgeon removes the tumor and a small margin of surrounding healthy tissue.Ī lumpectomy may be recommended for removing smaller tumors. Operations used to treat breast cancer include: Beams of radiation are precisely aimed at the cancer using a machine that moves around your body. Stage IV breast cancer, also called metastatic breast cancer, indicates cancer that has spread to other areas of the body.īreast cancer staging also takes into account your cancer's grade the presence of tumor markers, such as receptors for estrogen, progesterone and HER2 and proliferation factors.Įxternal beam radiation uses high-powered beams of energy to kill cancer cells. Your doctor selects the appropriate tests based on your specific circumstances and taking into account new symptoms you may be experiencing.īreast cancer stages range from 0 to IV with 0 indicating cancer that is noninvasive or contained within the milk ducts. Not all women will need all of these tests and procedures. Positron emission tomography (PET) scan.Mammogram of the other breast to look for signs of cancer.Blood tests, such as a complete blood count.Tests and procedures used to stage breast cancer may include: Your cancer's stage helps determine your prognosis and the best treatment options.Ĭomplete information about your cancer's stage may not be available until after you undergo breast cancer surgery. Once your doctor has diagnosed your breast cancer, he or she works to establish the extent (stage) of your cancer. Other tests and procedures may be used depending on your situation. Unlike other types of imaging tests, an MRI doesn't use radiation to create the images. Before a breast MRI, you receive an injection of dye. An MRI machine uses a magnet and radio waves to create pictures of the interior of your breast. Breast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).A biopsy sample is also analyzed to determine the type of cells involved in the breast cancer, the aggressiveness (grade) of the cancer, and whether the cancer cells have hormone receptors or other receptors that may influence your treatment options. Often, a small metal marker is left at the site within your breast so the area can be easily identified on future imaging tests.īiopsy samples are sent to a laboratory for analysis where experts determine whether the cells are cancerous. During a biopsy, your doctor uses a specialized needle device guided by X-ray or another imaging test to extract a core of tissue from the suspicious area. A biopsy is the only definitive way to make a diagnosis of breast cancer. Removing a sample of breast cells for testing (biopsy). Ultrasound may be used to determine whether a new breast lump is a solid mass or a fluid-filled cyst. ![]() Ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of structures deep within the body. If an abnormality is detected on a screening mammogram, your doctor may recommend a diagnostic mammogram to further evaluate that abnormality. Mammograms are commonly used to screen for breast cancer. Your doctor will check both of your breasts and lymph nodes in your armpit, feeling for any lumps or other abnormalities. Tests and procedures used to diagnose breast cancer include: The table slides into the large opening of the MRI machine. Your breasts fit into a hollow depression in the table, which contains coils that detect magnetic signals. It is vital that if you notice a lump or a change in your breast, seek immediate examination by an experienced health care professional.During a breast MRI, you lie on your stomach on a padded scanning table. Painless, hard lumps with irregular edges are more likely to be cancer, but breast cancer may be smooth, soft or round. Men can also get breast cancer, but not nearly as much as women.Ī fresh lump is the most prominent symptom of breast cancer. The important thing is to constantly check it by yourself and remind your female loved ones. In Hong Kong, an average of 6.2 people are newly diagnosed with breast cancer every day. One in 19 women is at risk of developing breast cancer by age 75. Damage to these cells' DNA results in uncontrolled cell division and growth, and enough cells aggregate to form a lump eventually.ĭid you know breast cancer is the most common cancer among women in Hong Kong? View and play PowerPoint presentations online.īreast cancer is a disease in which cancer cells develop in the tissue of the breast. ![]()
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